As the Arctic gains growing strategic and environmental importance, India is increasingly looking at ways to ensure that the concerns of countries across the Global South are reflected in discussions on the region’s future. India’s expanding engagement with the Arctic comes at a time when climate change is rapidly transforming the polar region, creating new environmental, economic and geopolitical challenges. The melting of Arctic ice is affecting global weather patterns while also opening possibilities for new shipping routes, energy projects and scientific cooperation.
India, despite not being an Arctic state, has developed a significant interest in the region through scientific research and international partnerships. Its Arctic policy focuses on climate and environmental studies, scientific collaboration, economic opportunities and sustainable development.
The country’s role could become more prominent through its engagement with the Global South and its 2026 BRICS chairship. India could use these platforms to highlight the interests of developing countries, particularly on climate change, energy security, technology and
sustainable development.
India’s relationship with Russia could also provide an additional channel for dialogue on Arctic issues. Russia controls a substantial part of the Arctic coastline and remains an important player in the region. At the same time, India’s growing ties with other major powers could allow it to promote wider cooperation on scientific research, clean energy and sustainable shipping.
However, India’s efforts to amplify the Global South’s concerns would need to recognise the special rights and responsibilities of Arctic nations and Indigenous communities. Any broader international participation must complement, rather than undermine, existing Arctic governance mechanisms.
The Arctic is no longer viewed only as a distant polar region. Developments there have implications for climate, trade, energy and global security. For India, the challenge will be to use its diplomatic and scientific influence to encourage inclusive cooperation while respecting the sovereignty of Arctic states. If managed carefully, India could emerge as an important bridge between Arctic stakeholders and developing nations seeking a greater role in shaping the region’s rapidly changing future.
