The fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus), a medium-sized wild cat native to South and Southeast Asia, is facing a serious population decline in recent decades. Classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN, this elusive species is closely associated with wetlands, marshes, mangroves, and riverine habitats — ecosystems that are rapidly disappearing. The decline of fishing cat populations reflects the alarming loss of wetlands — one of the planet’s most productive ecosystems. Conservation of this species requires coordinated action among governments, researchers, and local communities to ensure the survival of both the fishing cat and its fragile wetland habitats.
Factors contributing to decline include large-scale destruction of wetlands for urbanization, agriculture, and aquaculture has severely reduced the fishing cat’s natural habitat. Industrial waste, pesticides, and sewage discharge into rivers and wetlands have degraded the quality of water bodies crucial for the species’ survival. Fishing cats are often killed by villagers who view them as threats to fish ponds or poultry. Expanding infrastructure and road networks in wetland areas have increased road mortality. Rising sea levels and changing rainfall patterns threaten coastal mangroves and inland wetlands.
Conservation measures needed for conservation of fishing cat include strict protection of wetlands, mangroves, and riverine ecosystems is vital. Restoration of degraded habitats should be priority. Educating local communities about the ecological importance of fishing cats and involving them in conservation efforts can reduce human-wildlife conflict.
Strengthening wildlife protection laws and ensuring strict enforcement against poaching and illegal encroachment are essential. Regular population surveys, habitat mapping, and research on ecology and behavior can guide targeted conservation strategies. Creating safe passages between fragmented habitats will help reduce road kills and promote gene flow.
